IB Diploma Programme Geography Core Theme - Patterns and Change
Unit 1: Populations in Transitions
1. Population Change
Key words:
- Trend (Increase, Decrease) (Overtime)
A general direction in which something is developing or changing
A regular and intelligible or sequence recognised in certain actions or situations
- Birth Rate and Death Rate
The number of death/1,000 people in a particular area per year (
Death Rate)
The number of birth/1,000 people in a particular area per year (
Birth Rate)
The number of deaths of children less than one year old per 1,000 live births
The number of deaths of children under age of five (5) per 1,000 children
The average number of children would be born to a woman over her lifetime
Birth Rate - (minus) Death Rate of a population
The average number of years that a person can be expected to live, usually from birth, if demographic factor remain unchanged.
A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups
Predictions about future population based on trends in fertility, mortality and migration
The tendency for a population to grow despite a fall in birth rate or fertility levels.
an example of
The Differences between LEDC and MEDC Based on 5 Indicators
Indicator (2012)
|
Singapore (MEDC)
|
Indonesia (LEDC)
|
Crude Birth Rate
|
10/1,000 people
|
19/1,000 people
|
Crude Death Rate
|
5/1,000 people
|
6/1,000 people
|
Infant and Child Mortality Rate
|
3/1,000 people
|
31/1,000 people
|
Fertility Rate
|
1.3/woman
|
2.4/woman
|
Life Expectancy
|
82 years
|
71 years
|
Source:
worldbank
Example of Population Pyramids
MEDC
Singapore 2010
Population: 5,078,000
Indonesia 2010
Population: 240,676,000
2. Response to High and Low Fertility
Key Words:
A measure showing
the number of dependents (aged 0-14 and over the age of 65) to
the number of work force (aged 15-64)
A measure showing
the number of the elderly (over age of 65) to
the number of work force (aged 15-64)
In the population structure of LEDCs, a large number of people under age of 16
In the population structure of MEDCs, a large number of the elderly citizens due to the advances in nutrition and medical care
A country/government wishes to increase its population size by promotes the human reproduction
A country/government wants to limit its population size.
4. Gender and Change
Key Words:
- Culture
- Status
- Education
- Sex Ratios
- Health
- Employment
- Empowerment
- Family Size
- Migration
- Legal Rights
- Land Tenure
Examples of Gender Inequality case study
The example of Geography unit 1 exam questions
- Analyse the Anti-Natalist Policy of a country you have studied. (5 marks)
- Explain two economic effect of a youthful population structure. (4 marks)
- With reference to a case study evaluate Anti-Natalist policy (4 marks)
- With reference to a case study material describe how life expectancy compares in different countries. (3 marks)
